Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine (Synthesis), by Angela N. H. Creager
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Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine (Synthesis), by Angela N. H. Creager
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After World War II, the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) began mass-producing radioisotopes, sending out nearly 64,000 shipments of radioactive materials to scientists and physicians by 1955. Even as the atomic bomb became the focus of Cold War anxiety, radioisotopes represented the government’s efforts to harness the power of the atom for peace—advancing medicine, domestic energy, and foreign relations. In Life Atomic, Angela N. H. Creager tells the story of how these radioisotopes, which were simultaneously scientific tools and political icons, transformed biomedicine and ecology. Government-produced radioisotopes provided physicians with new tools for diagnosis and therapy, specifically cancer therapy, and enabled biologists to trace molecular transformations. Yet the government’s attempt to present radioisotopes as marvelous dividends of the atomic age was undercut in the 1950s by the fallout debates, as scientists and citizens recognized the hazards of low-level radiation. Creager reveals that growing consciousness of the danger of radioactivity did not reduce the demand for radioisotopes at hospitals and laboratories, but it did change their popular representation from a therapeutic agent to an environmental poison. She then demonstrates how, by the late twentieth century, public fear of radioactivity overshadowed any appreciation of the positive consequences of the AEC’s provision of radioisotopes for research and medicine.
Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine (Synthesis), by Angela N. H. Creager- Amazon Sales Rank: #2407019 in Books
- Published on: 2015-10-07
- Released on: 2013-10-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.20" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 512 pages
Review “A striking portrait of the emergence of Cold War science. The book contributes to a growing historical literature that has begun to reconfigure our understanding of the period and its enduring legacies. . . . Creager’s deft attention to the ironies that have accompanied efforts to harness the atom is history of science at its best: a crystal clear portrait of just how untidy the impacts of science can be.” (Joanna Radin Science)“The Manhattan Project’s impact reverberated beyond the atomic bomb, reveals Angela Creager in this lucid scientific history. . . . Creager deploys radioisotopes as ‘historical tracers’ to explore shifts in medicine, perceptions of cancer risk, and the porous ‘civilian-military divide.’” (Nature)"Novel and engaging. . . . With its dedication to tracing the diverse, recent, and now mostly forgotten trajectories of radioisotopes in American biomedicine, Life Atomic abounds with historicist insights." (Kenton Kroker Isis)“Angela Creager’s deeply researched and elegantly written new book is a must-read account of the history of science in twentieth-century America. . . . Not only is it a historiographically important and meticulously crafted work based on exhaustive research, but it’s also a great set of stories. The pages of Life Atomic are full of guinea pigs, scientific vaudeville, and stories and characters from many different fields of the modern life sciences, expertly weaving them together into a compelling set of arguments.” (Carla Nappi New Books in Science, Technology, and Society)"A thorough and fascinating account of the challenges that the US Atomic Energy Commission faced in the course of trying to remake nuclear radiation into a scientific and medical tool, as well as a profitable product. . . . Life Atomic is an enjoyable and important book, which should top the reading list of any scholar interested in the development of postwar science and medicine." (Andrew J. Hogan Metascience)"Historians of the physical and biological sciences will find this book indispensable, but Creager’s thorough explication of both the science and the institutional context in which it was pursued makes this work accessible to and useful for audiences interested in postwar nuclear culture writ large. Fact-dense but not pedantic, and argumentatively nuanced without being overly subtle, Life Atomic is a first-rate work in the history of science." (American Historical Review)“Radioisotopes are a cornerstone of technology, facilitating basic research and augmenting medical treatment. As a biochemist familiar with such isotopes, decorated historian Creager is well qualified to examine the expansion of radioactive power. Her Life Atomic is a strikingly complete narrative of the social and scientific factors sparking such expansion in the peaceful realm. . . . Students and seasoned professionals alike will gain significant insight into the foundations of this central technology, making it a critical resource for academic and professional libraries. Essential.” (B. D. Spiegelberg, Rider University Choice)"A landmark achievement. . . . Well researched and masterfully narrated, Life Atomic is a must-read book for anyone who is interested in the instrument-driven development of life sciences following the WWII." (Paul J. J. M. Bakker, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Journal of the History of Medicine)"Exhaustively documented and sharply written, with no place for anecdote, Life Atomic provides a coherent narrative about the industrialisation, regulation, and scientific and medical impact of radioisotopes in the United States during the Cold War." (Néstor Herran, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris AMBIX)"Creager's Life Atomic will serve as a benchmark for outstanding scholarship and as an essential point of reference on the use of radioisotopes in science and medicine for many years to come." (Science Direct)"Enjoyable not only for those 'in the trade' but for all scientific and health professionals." (Chemistry World)"It would be hard to ask for a better history of radioisotopes than Creager's Life Atomic." (FASEB Journal)“A fascinating portrait of the use and meaning of radioisotopes in twentieth-century science and medicine, Angela N. H. Creager’s Life Atomic is serious, high-quality scholarship that contributes to our understanding of science over the last century. This long-awaited volume justifies the wait.” (M. Susan Lindee, University of Pennsylvania)“Life Atomic is the first comprehensive history of radioactive tracing, a key research technology without which a science such as molecular biology would not have come into being. Through this technology, the life sciences and medicine came into deep resonance with the atomic Cold War era. Angela N. H. Creager beautifully unfolds this web before our eyes, and does so by making use of a rich variety of archival sources.” (Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science)“Angela N. H. Creager’s book is breathtaking in scope, a lucid, original account of how radioisotopes came to suffuse and, in many ways, transform research in fields ranging from the experimental life sciences to biomedicine and ecology. It evenhandedly reveals the close coupling between their exploitation and the dynamics of the Cold War, illuminating how they served at once the purposes of health and security, pressing against the ethical boundaries of research with human subjects while helping to tie together the laboratory and the clinic. In all, a masterful work of historical scholarship.” (Daniel J. Kevles, Yale University)
About the Author Angela N. H. Creager is the Thomas M. Siebel Professor in the History of Science at Princeton University. She is the author of The Life of a Virus and coeditor of Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine, both published by the University of Chicago Press. She lives in Princeton, NJ.
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Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. Historian's angle on isotope science By Chemistry One The author is a historian, and this sets the tone for the book. While there is mention of quite a few technical topics, as a chemist, I found the emphasis a little unwieldy. The book is amazingly well documented : the bibliography runs to 51 pages, and there are frequent footnotes with further references and comments. There are sections on sources of radioisotopes(cyclotrons, reactors), uses in medicine(tracer applications, radioimmunoassay, radiation therapy, imaging), environmental problems of radioactive waste and other topics. There is a lot of discussion of the government regulation of radioisotopes. There are a lot of people mentioned, and organizations.There does not seem to be much discussion of C-14 dating or geochronology(uranium-lead,potassium-argon etc.), but there is discussion of Calvin's work on photosynthesis, and various studies on DNA. There are no chemical formulas in the book and I became confused on one point: The author refers to Sulfur-35 labeled deoxydinucleotides. I don't think the nucleotides contain sulfur.The are sections on the use of human subjects to determine the effects of radiation. Some of the procedures described are shocking to modern sensibilities. The author does not pass judgement, but the facts speak for themselves
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Solid By R. Albin A very well research and well written history of radioisotope use in the post-WWII era. Creager's goals are to illuminate the relationship between the major Federal vendor of radioisotopes, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and the scientific community, and to illustrate the importance of radioisotopes as key tools in post-WWII biology and medicine. This is, consequently and sensibly, an essentially topical though roughly chronological set of chapters on themes.While prefigured by some uses of radioisotopes generated by cyclotron technology in the interwar period, widespread use of radioisotopes was, likely many aspects of American science, a direct produce of WWII, the Manhattan Project, and the Cold War. Wide use of radioisotopes was driven by a convergence of factors. The AEC was eager to promote a peaceful use of nuclear technology, a number of prescient scientists recognized the potential of radioisotopes, and a major reactor at what became the Oak Ridge National Laboratory had become redundant, allowing its use for radioisotope generation. Creager discusses the AEC's efforts to expand use of radioisotopes, its entanglement with its military mission and Cold War politics, and provides some nice examples of the impact of using radioisotope tracers as tools in basic research. The latter include reconstructing the pathways of photosynthesis and the famous Hershey-Chase experiment. Applications in medical research are discussed as well - a much more ambiguous story featuring some real triumphs like the development of RIAs and some actually shocking experiments involving the unwitting participation of pregnant women. Creager also discusses the role of the AEC in developing radiotherapy and to some extent, new imaging methods. There is a good chapter on the importance of radiotracer methods in large scale ecological studies.An important aspect of several chapters is what was sometimes convergence and sometimes tension between the AEC's military mission and scientific-clinical work. The AEC support for developing better radiotherapy methods was driven partly by military interest in the effects of radiation exposure. Support for ecological experiments was driven in part by concerns about contamination secondary to weapons production. Another important aspect is the often inconsistent and irregular approach (and lack of same) towards safety and ethics of experiments. Many features of this work, not revealed until years later, will be very disturbing to modern readers.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Five Stars By captainterry Well written and very well researched work. A very informative and accessible read.
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